| Handedness | N/A | Handedness of the athlete (‘right’ or ‘left’). | handedness |
| Elbow Hike | N/A | Binary indicator if elbow is above shoulder at foot contact. | elbow_hike |
| Arm Drag | N/A | Binary indicator of late arm motion, occurs if the elbow is above the wrist at foot contact. | arm_drag |
| Forearm Flyout | N/A | Binary indicator of excessive elbow extension prior to ball release. Occurs if elbow angle < 75 deg at foot contact AND < 20 deg at ball release. | forearm_flyout |
| Kinematic Sequence | N/A | Sequence of peak anngular velocities during the pitch. Correct sequence is pelvis-trunk-arm. | kinematic_sequence_order |
| Sway | N/A | Binary indicator of excessive backwards motion, indicated by if the front knee, midpoint of the head, or body center of mass crosses behind the back leg at max front knee raise. | sway |
| Hanging Back | N/A | Binary indicator if the pitcher initially moves backwards (away from the plate) directly after max front knee raise. | hanging_back |
| Stride Length | % of height | Length of stride as percentage of athlete height. Calculated between rear foot position at max knee raise and front foot position at foot contact. | stride_length |
| Closing Front/Back | N/A | Binary indicator of excessive trunk tilt. Occurs if the pitcher’s side-to-side trunk angle relative to pelvis deviates more than 20 degrees from vertical between max knee raise and foot contact events. | closing_front_or_back |
| Flying Open | N/A | Binary indicator of early trunk rotation. Occurs if the trunk angular velocity is peaking before foot contact and X-factor is within 5 deg of 0 at foot contact. | flying_open |
| Late Rise | N/A | Binary indicator of delayed wrist elevation (flip up), ocurring if wrist is below elbow at foot contact. | late_rise |
| Getting Out In Front | N/A | Binary indicator of early trunk forward rotation (greater than -20) at foot contact. | getting_out_in_front |
| Knee Collapse | N/A | Binary indicator of front knee bends excessively (>20 deg) between foot contact and ball release. | knee_collapse |
| High Hand | N/A | Binary indicator of whether sufficient forearm layback occurrs. If the wrist joint center does not get within 10 cm (~4 in) of the elbow joint center veritcal position during the cocking phase, then high hand is present. | high_hand |
| Early Release | N/A | Binary indicator of early ball release - indicated by wrist fore/aft position to lead toe. If wrist is behind toe at release, then its early. | early_release |
| Time to Release | seconds | Time from initiation to ball release. | time_to_release |
| Max Layback Angle | degrees | Maximum trunk extension angle. | max_layback_angle |
| Max Trunk COM Velocity | m/s | Maximum linear velocity of the trunk center of mass during the pitch. | max_trunk_com_velocity |
| Peak Pelvis Angular Velocity | deg/s | Max angular velocity (twist speed) of the pelvis segment. | peak_pelvis_angular_velocity |
| Peak Trunk Angular Velocity | deg/s | Max angular velocity (twist speed) of the trunk segment. | peak_trunk_angular_velocity |
| Peak Arm Angular Velocity | deg/s | Max angular velocity (twist speed) of the upper arm segment. | peak_arm_angular_velocity |
| Hip Raise Angle | deg | Maximum flexion angle of the lead hip prior to the pitch. Should occur at max knee raise event. | hip_raise_angle |
| Trunk Angle to Plate Coil | deg | Trunk rotation angle relative to home plate, where facing home plate is 0 degrees. Coil is the max twist angle away from the plate prior to delivery. | trunk_angle_to_plate_coil |
| Trunk Angle to Plate Foot Contact | deg | Trunk rotation angle relative to home plate, where facing home plate is 0 degrees. This metric is the trunk angle at the instant of lead foot contact. | trunk_angle_to_plate_foot_contact |
| Trunk Angle to Plate Release | deg | Trunk rotation angle relative to home plate, where facing home plate is 0 degrees. This metric is the trunk angle at the instant of ball release. | trunk_angle_to_plate_release |
| Pelvis Angle to Plate Coil | deg | Pelvis rotation angle relative to home plate, where facing home plate is 0 degrees. Coil is the max twist angle away from the plate prior to delivery. | pelvis_angle_to_plate_coil |
| Pelvis Angle to Plate Foot Contact | deg | Pelvis rotation angle relative to home plate, where facing home plate is 0 degrees. This metric is the pelvis angle at the instant of lead foot contact. | ‘pelvis_angle_to_plate_foot_contact` |
| Pelvis Angle to Plate Release | deg | Pelvis rotation angle relative to home plate, where facing home plate is 0 degrees. This metric is the pelvis angle at the instant of ball release. | pelvis_angle_to_plate_release |
| Wrist Position to Lead Toe | m | Wrist fore/aft position relative to the lead toe at the instant of release. Positive values indicate release in front of toe, negative values indicate behind. | wrist_fore_aft_lead_toe_at_release |
| Wrist Height at Release | m | Wrist vertical position at the instant of release, relative to rear toe height at the start of the pitch (proxy for mound level). | wrist_height_at_release |
| Arm Slot Angle | deg | Abduction angle of the arm (shoulder to wrist) at ball release compared to vertical (adducted). Sidearm and submarine throwers will have larger arm slot angles than overhand throwers. | arm_slot_angle |
| Arm Slot Type | deg | Classification of arm slot angle, ranges broadly adopted from https://treadathletics.com/arm-slot-differences : overhand: 0-45 deg, three-quarter: 45-65 deg, sidearm: 65-115 deg, submarine: 115-180 deg. | arm_slot_type |
| Trunk Lateral Tilt (Foot Contact) | degrees | Lateral trunk tilt at foot contact | trunk_lateral_tilt_at_foot_contact |
| Trunk Lateral Tilt (Release) | degrees | Lateral trunk tilt at ball release. | trunk_lateral_tilt_at_ball_release |
| Trunk Forward Tilt (Release) | degrees | Forward trunk tilt at ball release. | trunk_forward_tilt_at_ball_release |
