Baseball: Pitching
Biomechanical analysis of baseball pitching movements, including events, phases, and discrete metrics.
Baseball: Pitching
Overview
Events
| Metric | Data Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Initiation | Int | the start of the baseball pitch |
| Max Knee Raise | Int | the maximum height of the knee during the pitch |
| Twist | Int | the maximum rotation of the pelvis, trunk, and arm |
| Wrist Below Hips | Int | when the wrist is below the hips during the pitch |
| Low Hand | Int | the low point of the throwing hand during the pitch |
| Max External Rotation | Int | the instant of maximum shoulder external rotation |
| Foot Contact | Int | when the front foot contacts the ground |
| Max Internal Rotation | Int | the instant of maximum shoulder internal rotation |
| Release | Int | the estimated timing of ball release |
Discrete Metrics
| Metric | Data Type | Units | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Handedness | String | N/A | Handedness of the athlete (‘right’ or ‘left’) |
| Elbow Hike | Int | N/A | Binary indicator if elbow is above shoulder at foot contact |
| Arm Drag | Int | N/A | Binary indicator if wrist is below elbow at foot contact |
| Forearm Flyout | Int | N/A | Binary indicator of forearm flyout based on elbow angles |
| Kinematic Sequence | String | N/A | Sequence of peak velocities during the pitch |
| Sway | Int | N/A | Binary indicator of excessive lateral movement |
| Hanging Back | Int | N/A | Binary indicator if back leg is not properly engaged |
| Stride Length | Float | % of height | Length of stride as percentage of athlete height |
| Closing Front/Back | Int | N/A | Binary indicator of improper front/back alignment |
| Flying Open | Int | N/A | Binary indicator of excessive trunk rotation |
| Late Rise | Int | N/A | Binary indicator of delayed trunk extension |
| Getting Out In Front | Int | N/A | Binary indicator of excessive forward lean |
| Knee Collapse | Int | N/A | Binary indicator of front knee buckling |
| High Hand | Int | N/A | Binary indicator of improper hand position |
| Early Release | Int | N/A | Binary indicator of premature ball release |
| Time to Release | Float | seconds | Time from initiation to ball release |
| Max Layback Angle | Float | degrees | Maximum trunk extension angle |
| Trunk Lateral Tilt (Foot Contact) | Float | degrees | Lateral trunk tilt at foot contact |
| Trunk Lateral Tilt (Release) | Float | degrees | Lateral trunk tilt at ball release |
| Trunk Forward Tilt (Release) | Float | degrees | Forward trunk tilt at ball release |
| Max Shoulder External Rotation | Float | degrees | Maximum shoulder external rotation angle |
| Max Shoulder Internal Rotation | Float | degrees | Maximum shoulder internal rotation angle |
Notes
- All angular measurements follow ISB conventions
- Kinematic data typically captured at 240Hz for Baseball Pitching