Single Leg Squat

Overview

The single leg squat is a unilateral movement assessment that evaluates an athlete’s ability to perform a squatting motion on one leg while maintaining balance and proper form. This movement is commonly used in athletic assessment and training as it provides valuable information about unilateral strength, balance, and lower extremity function.

Example image of a man doing a single leg squat, bottom position

Instructions

Stand on one leg (the leg specified by footedness); the other leg can be extended in front or held slightly behind. Descend by bending the stance knee and hip while keeping the knee aligned over the toes and the torso as upright as possible. Go to a comfortable depth, then stand back up. Perform in a controlled manner.

Dimensions

Required inputs for processing:

Footedness: The foot [‘left’, ‘right’] that supports the body and maintains contact with the ground.

Output Variables

Generic Outputs

Every capture includes session metadata, standard joint angle/velocity time series, and 3D keypoint positions common to all movements. See Generic Outputs for the full list.

Events

Metric	Description	Column Name
Initiation	the start of the squat	`squat_initiation_frame`
Bottom1	the first instance of maximum squat depth	“
Bottom	the instant of maximum squat depth	`squat_bottom_frame`
Ascent Start	the start of upward movement	“
End	the end of the movement	`squat_end_frame`

Movement Flags and General Metrics

Metric	Units	Description	Column Name
Bottom Time	seconds	Time spent at bottom position	`time_while_at_bottom`
Continuous	N/A	Whether squat is continuous (1) or has pause (0)	`continuous_motion`
Left Eccentric Hip-Knee Dominance	ratio	Hip-knee dominance during eccentric phase for left leg (0=hip dominant, 1=knee dominant)	`left_eccentric_hip_knee_dominance`
Right Eccentric Hip-Knee Dominance	ratio	Hip-knee dominance during eccentric phase for right leg (0=hip dominant, 1=knee dominant)	`right_eccentric_hip_knee_dominance`
Left Concentric Hip-Knee Dominance	ratio	Hip-knee dominance during concentric phase for left leg (0=hip dominant, 1=knee dominant)	`left_concentric_hip_knee_dominance`
Right Concentric Hip-Knee Dominance	ratio	Hip-knee dominance during concentric phase for right leg (0=hip dominant, 1=knee dominant)	`right_concentric_hip_knee_dominance`
Trunk Tibia Parallel	N/A	Whether trunk and tibia are parallel (1) or not (0)	`trunk_tibia_parallel`
Trunk Tibia Angle	degrees	Angle between trunk and tibia	`trunk_tibia_angle`
Hips Feet Stationary	N/A	Whether hips and feet remain stationary (1) or not (0)	`hips_feet_stationary`
Knees Track	N/A	Whether knees track in line with feet (1) or not (0)	`knees_track`
Sufficient Knee Flexion	N/A	Whether knee flexion reaches at least 60 degrees (1) or not (0)	“

Distance and Velocity Metrics

Metric	Units	Description	Column Name
Left Valgus Bottom	meters	Left knee valgus at bottom position (left leg squat)	`left_knee_valgus_at_bottom`
Right Valgus Bottom	meters	Right knee valgus at bottom position (right leg squat)	`right_knee_valgus_at_bottom`
Left Valgus Eccentric Full	meters	Maximum left knee valgus during eccentric phase (left leg squat)	`left_valgus_distance_eccentric`
Right Valgus Eccentric Full	meters	Maximum right knee valgus during eccentric phase (right leg squat)	`right_valgus_distance_eccentric`
Left Valgus Concentric Full	meters	Maximum left knee valgus during concentric phase (left leg squat)	`left_valgus_distance_concentric`
Right Valgus Concentric Full	meters	Maximum right knee valgus during concentric phase (right leg squat)	`right_valgus_distance_concentric`
Depth	meters	Vertical displacement of pelvis from start to bottom	`squat_depth`
Eccentric Velocity	m/s	Max velocity during eccentric phase	`max_eccentric_velocity`
Concentric Velocity	m/s	Max velocity during concentric phase	`max_concentric_velocity`

Joint Angle Metrics

Metric	Units	Description	Column Name
Peak Hip Flexion	degrees	Maximum hip flexion angle of stance leg	`peak_hip_flexion_angle`
Peak Knee Flexion	degrees	Maximum knee flexion angle of stance leg	`peak_knee_flexion_angle`
Peak Ankle Flexion	degrees	Maximum ankle flexion angle of stance leg	`peak_ankle_flexion_angle`

Notes

Kinematic data typically captured at 120Hz for Squatting

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Resources

Biomechanics

Single Leg Squat

Overview

Instructions

Dimensions

Output Variables

Generic Outputs

Events

Movement Flags and General Metrics

Distance and Velocity Metrics

Joint Angle Metrics

Notes

​Overview

​Instructions

​Dimensions

​Output Variables

​Generic Outputs

​Events

​Movement Flags and General Metrics

​Distance and Velocity Metrics

​Joint Angle Metrics

​Notes

Overview

Instructions

Dimensions

Output Variables

Generic Outputs

Events

Movement Flags and General Metrics

Distance and Velocity Metrics

Joint Angle Metrics

Notes