> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.uplift.ai/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Max Layback Angle

> Maximum forearm layback angle (relative to horizontal forward) during the pitch.

## Technical Details

* **Variable Type:** Discrete Metric
* **Data Type:** Float
* **Units:** °
* **Column Name:** `max_layback_angle`
* **Aggregation:** mean
* **Precision:** 0
* **Measurement:** Angle of the forearm relative to forward horizontal
* **Typical Range:** 116 – 157 °
* **Optimal Direction:** Higher is better

## Description

Max layback angle measures the forearm angle relative to the horizontal plane during the pitch.
Larger amounts of layback (closer to 180 degrees) indicate greater amount of shoulder external rotation, providing more time & range for forearm action.

## Normative Ranges

Percentile distributions by competition level from the 2026 Q1 dataset; the optimal range spans the 75th–90th percentiles.

| Population         | Optimal Range (75th–90th) | 10th | 25th | 50th | 75th | 90th |
| ------------------ | ------------------------- | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: |
| Youth              | 172 – 195 °               |   0  |  124 |  141 |  172 |  195 |
| High School        | 164 – 185 °               |   0  |  111 |  126 |  164 |  185 |
| College            | 141 – 173 °               |  107 |  115 |  128 |  141 |  173 |
| Professional       | 153 – 181 °               |   0  |  114 |  140 |  153 |  181 |
| Broad (All Levels) | 157 – 189 °               |   0  |  116 |  132 |  157 |  189 |

## Use Cases

* Forearm position assessment
* Arm mechanics evaluation