> ## Documentation Index > Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.uplift.ai/llms.txt > Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further. # Baseball Pitching: Normative Ranges > Full percentile reference tables (5th–95th) for baseball pitching metrics, broken out by competition level. This page collects the complete normative reference tables for baseball pitching — the same underlying data shown as 10th/25th/50th/75th/90th percentile summaries on individual [metric pages](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching), extended here to the full 5th–95th percentile range for each competition level. See [Normative Ranges](/biomechanics/normative-ranges) for how to interpret these tables. Each competition-level dataset was built by pooling all valid pitching sessions per athlete, selecting the single session closest to that athlete's overall average across all metrics, then re-analyzing with the latest biomechanical analysis software and removing sessions that failed Uplift's quality assurance tests. ## Youth Sample Reference dataset built from 206 unique youth athletes performing a pitch in 2025. ### Kinematic Sequence – Peak Segment Angular Velocities Prefer higher velocities for better performance. | Variable | 5% | 10% | 25% | 50% | 75% | 90% | 95% | Units | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | ----- | | [Peak Pelvis Angular Velocity](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/peak-pelvis-angular-velocity) | 289 | 330 | 370 | 428 | 463 | 523 | 553 | deg/s | | [Peak Trunk Angular Velocity](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/peak-trunk-angular-velocity) | 475 | 557 | 627 | 686 | 726 | 773 | 788 | deg/s | | [Peak Arm Angular Velocity](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/peak-arm-angular-velocity) | 730 | 947 | 1050 | 1192 | 1255 | 1331 | 1422 | deg/s | | [Pelvis to Trunk Speed Up](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/pelvis-to-trunk-speed-up) | 1.22 | 1.29 | 1.43 | 1.57 | 1.75 | 2.02 | 2.29 | ratio | | [Trunk to Arm Speed Up](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-to-arm-speed-up) | 1.23 | 1.41 | 1.57 | 1.72 | 1.89 | 2.10 | 2.27 | ratio | | [Max Trunk COM Velocity](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/max-trunk-com-velocity) | 1.37 | 1.39 | 1.49 | 1.65 | 1.89 | 2.38 | 2.74 | m/s | ### Distance and Time Deviations from center indicate atypical positioning, not necessarily poor performance. | Variable | 5% | 10% | 25% | 50% | 75% | 90% | 95% | Units | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :--: | :--: | :--: | -------- | | [Stride Length](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/stride-length) | 0.66 | 0.70 | 0.74 | 0.80 | 0.87 | 0.96 | 1.02 | % height | | [Time to Release](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/time-to-release) | 0.92 | 1.00 | 1.07 | 1.21 | 1.33 | 1.46 | 1.65 | s | | [Wrist Position to Lead Toe](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/wrist-fore-aft-lead-toe-at-release) | -0.30 | -0.22 | -0.10 | -0.03 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.08 | m | | [Wrist Height at Release](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/wrist-height-at-release) | 0.75 | 0.80 | 0.86 | 0.95 | 1.01 | 1.10 | 1.13 | m | ### Angles Deviations from center indicate atypical positioning, not necessarily poor performance. | Variable | 5% | 10% | 25% | 50% | 75% | 90% | 95% | Units | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | ----- | | [Max X Factor](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/max-x-factor) | 9 | 11 | 17 | 23 | 29 | 32 | 38 | deg | | [Hip Raise Angle](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/hip-raise-angle) | 32 | 51 | 72 | 98 | 111 | 126 | 136 | deg | | [Arm Slot Angle](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/arm-slot-angle) | 10 | 23 | 36 | 50 | 58 | 70 | 75 | deg | | [Max Layback Angle](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/max-layback-angle) | 0 | 0 | 124 | 141 | 172 | 195 | 207 | deg | | [Trunk Angle to Plate (Coil)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-angle-to-plate-coil) | 88 | 103 | 112 | 123 | 131 | 140 | 145 | deg | | [Trunk Angle to Plate (Foot Contact)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-angle-to-plate-foot-contact) | 56 | 72 | 87 | 101 | 115 | 126 | 127 | deg | | [Trunk Angle to Plate (Release)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-angle-to-plate-release) | -32 | -23 | -18 | -12 | -3 | 5 | 17 | deg | | [Pelvis Angle to Plate (Coil)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/pelvis-angle-to-plate-coil) | 98 | 103 | 111 | 117 | 126 | 136 | 144 | deg | | [Pelvis Angle to Plate (Foot Contact)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/pelvis-angle-to-plate-foot-contact) | 55 | 62 | 73 | 84 | 95 | 105 | 106 | deg | | [Pelvis Angle to Plate (Release)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/pelvis-angle-to-plate-release) | -6 | 1 | 13 | 19 | 27 | 36 | 41 | deg | | [Trunk Lateral Tilt (Foot Contact)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-lateral-tilt-at-foot-contact) | -12 | -11 | -8 | -5 | -2 | 1 | 3 | deg | | [Trunk Lateral Tilt at Release](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-lateral-tilt-at-ball-release) | 3 | 5 | 10 | 16 | 23 | 28 | 30 | deg | | [Trunk Forward Tilt (Release)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-forward-tilt-at-ball-release) | 7 | 14 | 19 | 25 | 28 | 33 | 36 | deg | ## High School Sample Reference dataset built from 226 unique high school athletes performing a pitch in 2025. ### Kinematic Sequence – Peak Segment Angular Velocities Prefer higher velocities for better performance. | Variable | 5% | 10% | 25% | 50% | 75% | 90% | 95% | Units | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | ----- | | [Peak Pelvis Angular Velocity](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/peak-pelvis-angular-velocity) | 284 | 335 | 399 | 440 | 505 | 573 | 589 | deg/s | | [Peak Trunk Angular Velocity](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/peak-trunk-angular-velocity) | 565 | 588 | 636 | 695 | 757 | 786 | 806 | deg/s | | [Peak Arm Angular Velocity](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/peak-arm-angular-velocity) | 886 | 1076 | 1166 | 1257 | 1332 | 1445 | 1482 | deg/s | | [Pelvis to Trunk Speed Up](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/pelvis-to-trunk-speed-up) | 1.10 | 1.21 | 1.39 | 1.56 | 1.75 | 1.97 | 2.16 | ratio | | [Trunk to Arm Speed Up](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-to-arm-speed-up) | 1.41 | 1.50 | 1.64 | 1.82 | 1.92 | 2.12 | 2.30 | ratio | | [Max Trunk COM Velocity](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/max-trunk-com-velocity) | 1.59 | 1.64 | 1.83 | 2.17 | 2.62 | 2.93 | 3.65 | m/s | ### Distance and Time Deviations from center indicate atypical positioning, not necessarily poor performance. | Variable | 5% | 10% | 25% | 50% | 75% | 90% | 95% | Units | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :--: | :--: | -------- | | [Stride Length](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/stride-length) | 0.71 | 0.75 | 0.82 | 0.92 | 1.04 | 1.08 | 1.13 | % height | | [Time to Release](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/time-to-release) | 1.08 | 1.12 | 1.20 | 1.28 | 1.39 | 1.53 | 2.90 | s | | [Wrist Position to Lead Toe](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/wrist-fore-aft-lead-toe-at-release) | -0.31 | -0.23 | -0.13 | -0.06 | -0.01 | 0.08 | 0.13 | m | | [Wrist Height at Release](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/wrist-height-at-release) | 0.83 | 0.89 | 0.99 | 1.08 | 1.14 | 1.21 | 1.26 | m | ### Angles Deviations from center indicate atypical positioning, not necessarily poor performance. | Variable | 5% | 10% | 25% | 50% | 75% | 90% | 95% | Units | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | ----- | | [Max X Factor](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/max-x-factor) | 12 | 15 | 19 | 26 | 31 | 36 | 39 | deg | | [Hip Raise Angle](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/hip-raise-angle) | 62 | 82 | 99 | 112 | 124 | 134 | 136 | deg | | [Arm Slot Angle](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/arm-slot-angle) | 25 | 29 | 41 | 50 | 60 | 69 | 78 | deg | | [Max Layback Angle](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/max-layback-angle) | 0 | 0 | 111 | 126 | 164 | 185 | 203 | deg | | [Trunk Angle to Plate (Coil)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-angle-to-plate-coil) | 99 | 107 | 117 | 125 | 133 | 143 | 146 | deg | | [Trunk Angle to Plate (Foot Contact)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-angle-to-plate-foot-contact) | 39 | 59 | 75 | 90 | 107 | 120 | 126 | deg | | [Trunk Angle to Plate (Release)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-angle-to-plate-release) | -28 | -23 | -16 | -11 | -5 | -1 | 2 | deg | | [Pelvis Angle to Plate (Coil)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/pelvis-angle-to-plate-coil) | 101 | 104 | 112 | 120 | 129 | 138 | 143 | deg | | [Pelvis Angle to Plate (Foot Contact)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/pelvis-angle-to-plate-foot-contact) | 51 | 55 | 64 | 71 | 86 | 100 | 110 | deg | | [Pelvis Angle to Plate (Release)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/pelvis-angle-to-plate-release) | -7 | 1 | 11 | 17 | 24 | 31 | 35 | deg | | [Trunk Lateral Tilt (Foot Contact)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-lateral-tilt-at-foot-contact) | -11 | -10 | -7 | -3 | 0 | 8 | 12 | deg | | [Trunk Lateral Tilt at Release](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-lateral-tilt-at-ball-release) | 2 | 4 | 10 | 15 | 21 | 25 | 30 | deg | | [Trunk Forward Tilt (Release)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-forward-tilt-at-ball-release) | 9 | 14 | 20 | 27 | 32 | 36 | 38 | deg | ## College Sample Reference dataset built from 167 unique collegiate athletes performing a pitch in 2025. ### Kinematic Sequence – Peak Segment Angular Velocities Prefer higher velocities for better performance. | Variable | 5% | 10% | 25% | 50% | 75% | 90% | 95% | Units | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | ----- | | [Peak Pelvis Angular Velocity](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/peak-pelvis-angular-velocity) | 316 | 348 | 407 | 458 | 534 | 575 | 589 | deg/s | | [Peak Trunk Angular Velocity](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/peak-trunk-angular-velocity) | 594 | 622 | 671 | 742 | 804 | 848 | 886 | deg/s | | [Peak Arm Angular Velocity](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/peak-arm-angular-velocity) | 1031 | 1192 | 1288 | 1363 | 1472 | 1595 | 1630 | deg/s | | [Pelvis to Trunk Speed Up](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/pelvis-to-trunk-speed-up) | 1.17 | 1.29 | 1.45 | 1.58 | 1.77 | 2.04 | 2.20 | ratio | | [Trunk to Arm Speed Up](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-to-arm-speed-up) | 1.45 | 1.57 | 1.71 | 1.86 | 2.02 | 2.23 | 2.37 | ratio | | [Max Trunk COM Velocity](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/max-trunk-com-velocity) | 2.07 | 2.14 | 2.41 | 2.69 | 3.00 | 3.32 | 3.72 | m/s | ### Distance and Time Deviations from center indicate atypical positioning, not necessarily poor performance. | Variable | 5% | 10% | 25% | 50% | 75% | 90% | 95% | Units | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :--: | :--: | -------- | | [Stride Length](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/stride-length) | 0.86 | 0.88 | 0.93 | 1.01 | 1.06 | 1.12 | 1.16 | % height | | [Time to Release](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/time-to-release) | 1.03 | 1.07 | 1.11 | 1.23 | 1.31 | 1.40 | 1.52 | s | | [Wrist Position to Lead Toe](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/wrist-fore-aft-lead-toe-at-release) | -0.44 | -0.32 | -0.19 | -0.11 | -0.02 | 0.06 | 0.09 | m | | [Wrist Height at Release](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/wrist-height-at-release) | 0.81 | 0.88 | 0.96 | 1.07 | 1.20 | 1.35 | 1.48 | m | ### Angles Deviations from center indicate atypical positioning, not necessarily poor performance. | Variable | 5% | 10% | 25% | 50% | 75% | 90% | 95% | Units | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | ----- | | [Max X Factor](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/max-x-factor) | 12 | 14 | 22 | 29 | 35 | 39 | 41 | deg | | [Hip Raise Angle](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/hip-raise-angle) | 78 | 98 | 110 | 123 | 131 | 136 | 140 | deg | | [Arm Slot Angle](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/arm-slot-angle) | 32 | 34 | 41 | 55 | 71 | 88 | 97 | deg | | [Max Layback Angle](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/max-layback-angle) | 97 | 107 | 115 | 128 | 141 | 173 | 180 | deg | | [Trunk Angle to Plate (Coil)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-angle-to-plate-coil) | 106 | 111 | 118 | 126 | 133 | 139 | 142 | deg | | [Trunk Angle to Plate (Foot Contact)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-angle-to-plate-foot-contact) | 53 | 59 | 69 | 81 | 95 | 106 | 109 | deg | | [Trunk Angle to Plate (Release)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-angle-to-plate-release) | -25 | -22 | -15 | -11 | -6 | 2 | 4 | deg | | [Pelvis Angle to Plate (Coil)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/pelvis-angle-to-plate-coil) | 102 | 105 | 110 | 119 | 128 | 138 | 140 | deg | | [Pelvis Angle to Plate (Foot Contact)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/pelvis-angle-to-plate-foot-contact) | 45 | 48 | 54 | 65 | 76 | 84 | 89 | deg | | [Pelvis Angle to Plate (Release)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/pelvis-angle-to-plate-release) | -7 | 0 | 10 | 19 | 25 | 32 | 35 | deg | | [Trunk Lateral Tilt (Foot Contact)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-lateral-tilt-at-foot-contact) | -10 | -8 | -4 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 10 | deg | | [Trunk Lateral Tilt at Release](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-lateral-tilt-at-ball-release) | -5 | 3 | 8 | 15 | 21 | 26 | 27 | deg | | [Trunk Forward Tilt (Release)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-forward-tilt-at-ball-release) | 15 | 18 | 25 | 29 | 34 | 39 | 42 | deg | ## Professional Sample Reference dataset built from 155 unique professional athletes performing a pitch in 2025. ### Kinematic Sequence – Peak Segment Angular Velocities Prefer higher velocities for better performance. | Variable | 5% | 10% | 25% | 50% | 75% | 90% | 95% | Units | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | ----- | | [Peak Pelvis Angular Velocity](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/peak-pelvis-angular-velocity) | 276 | 307 | 363 | 441 | 519 | 651 | 741 | deg/s | | [Peak Trunk Angular Velocity](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/peak-trunk-angular-velocity) | 463 | 523 | 628 | 699 | 783 | 838 | 866 | deg/s | | [Peak Arm Angular Velocity](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/peak-arm-angular-velocity) | 880 | 1123 | 1274 | 1372 | 1478 | 1625 | 1689 | deg/s | | [Pelvis to Trunk Speed Up](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/pelvis-to-trunk-speed-up) | 1.02 | 1.14 | 1.41 | 1.58 | 1.84 | 2.13 | 2.63 | ratio | | [Trunk to Arm Speed Up](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-to-arm-speed-up) | 1.32 | 1.64 | 1.75 | 1.97 | 2.13 | 2.60 | 2.73 | ratio | | [Max Trunk COM Velocity](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/max-trunk-com-velocity) | 2.32 | 2.72 | 2.99 | 3.40 | 3.79 | 5.82 | 5.91 | m/s | ### Distance and Time Deviations from center indicate atypical positioning, not necessarily poor performance. | Variable | 5% | 10% | 25% | 50% | 75% | 90% | 95% | Units | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :--: | :--: | :--: | -------- | | [Stride Length](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/stride-length) | 0.70 | 0.85 | 0.94 | 1.10 | 1.21 | 1.35 | 1.44 | % height | | [Time to Release](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/time-to-release) | 0.23 | 0.55 | 0.97 | 1.18 | 1.30 | 1.43 | 1.79 | s | | [Wrist Position to Lead Toe](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/wrist-fore-aft-lead-toe-at-release) | -0.37 | -0.25 | -0.16 | -0.04 | 0.07 | 0.23 | 0.30 | m | | [Wrist Height at Release](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/wrist-height-at-release) | 0.89 | 1.03 | 1.13 | 1.28 | 1.48 | 1.91 | 2.00 | m | ### Angles Deviations from center indicate atypical positioning, not necessarily poor performance. | Variable | 5% | 10% | 25% | 50% | 75% | 90% | 95% | Units | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | ----- | | [Max X Factor](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/max-x-factor) | 7 | 10 | 14 | 20 | 26 | 34 | 37 | deg | | [Hip Raise Angle](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/hip-raise-angle) | 24 | 41 | 53 | 91 | 127 | 138 | 141 | deg | | [Arm Slot Angle](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/arm-slot-angle) | 17 | 30 | 38 | 52 | 61 | 84 | 124 | deg | | [Max Layback Angle](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/max-layback-angle) | 0 | 0 | 114 | 140 | 153 | 181 | 198 | deg | | [Trunk Angle to Plate (Coil)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-angle-to-plate-coil) | 72 | 86 | 100 | 110 | 119 | 135 | 146 | deg | | [Trunk Angle to Plate (Foot Contact)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-angle-to-plate-foot-contact) | 20 | 27 | 51 | 70 | 82 | 95 | 98 | deg | | [Trunk Angle to Plate (Release)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-angle-to-plate-release) | -27 | -25 | -17 | -11 | -5 | 0 | 10 | deg | | [Pelvis Angle to Plate (Coil)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/pelvis-angle-to-plate-coil) | 63 | 81 | 94 | 104 | 124 | 132 | 142 | deg | | [Pelvis Angle to Plate (Foot Contact)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/pelvis-angle-to-plate-foot-contact) | 32 | 37 | 46 | 62 | 75 | 82 | 90 | deg | | [Pelvis Angle to Plate (Release)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/pelvis-angle-to-plate-release) | -11 | -4 | 8 | 15 | 27 | 37 | 42 | deg | | [Trunk Lateral Tilt (Foot Contact)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-lateral-tilt-at-foot-contact) | -12 | -10 | -4 | 5 | 11 | 16 | 18 | deg | | [Trunk Lateral Tilt at Release](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-lateral-tilt-at-ball-release) | -9 | -2 | 5 | 13 | 18 | 22 | 26 | deg | | [Trunk Forward Tilt (Release)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-forward-tilt-at-ball-release) | 12 | 13 | 18 | 27 | 34 | 42 | 48 | deg | ## Broad Sample (All Levels) Reference dataset pooled across all competition levels, from the 2026 Q1 dataset (2025 pitching sessions). ### Kinematic Sequence – Peak Segment Angular Velocities Prefer higher velocities for better performance. | Variable | 5% | 10% | 25% | 50% | 75% | 90% | 95% | Units | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | ----- | | [Peak Pelvis Angular Velocity](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/peak-pelvis-angular-velocity) | 285 | 329 | 382 | 437 | 499 | 573 | 603 | deg/s | | [Peak Trunk Angular Velocity](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/peak-trunk-angular-velocity) | 519 | 574 | 639 | 700 | 764 | 819 | 846 | deg/s | | [Peak Arm Angular Velocity](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/peak-arm-angular-velocity) | 887 | 1002 | 1160 | 1271 | 1382 | 1498 | 1598 | deg/s | | [Pelvis to Trunk Speed Up](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/pelvis-to-trunk-speed-up) | 1.13 | 1.23 | 1.41 | 1.57 | 1.76 | 2.03 | 2.27 | ratio | | [Trunk to Arm Speed Up](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-to-arm-speed-up) | 1.28 | 1.48 | 1.64 | 1.82 | 1.99 | 2.21 | 2.43 | ratio | | [Max Trunk COM Velocity](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/max-trunk-com-velocity) | 1.45 | 1.52 | 1.76 | 2.35 | 2.90 | 3.58 | 4.65 | m/s | ### Distance and Time Deviations from center indicate atypical positioning, not necessarily poor performance. | Variable | 5% | 10% | 25% | 50% | 75% | 90% | 95% | Units | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :----: | :----: | :----: | :----: | :---: | :---: | :---: | -------- | | [Stride Length](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/stride-length) | 0.683 | 0.729 | 0.808 | 0.923 | 1.046 | 1.127 | 1.190 | % height | | [Time to Release](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/time-to-release) | 0.91 | 1.02 | 1.12 | 1.24 | 1.35 | 1.48 | 2.16 | s | | [Wrist Position to Lead Toe](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/wrist-fore-aft-lead-toe-at-release) | -0.365 | -0.273 | -0.153 | -0.059 | 0.008 | 0.081 | 0.120 | m | | [Wrist Height at Release](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/wrist-height-at-release) | 0.797 | 0.837 | 0.942 | 1.045 | 1.164 | 1.336 | 1.494 | m | ### Angles Deviations from center indicate atypical positioning, not necessarily poor performance. | Variable | 5% | 10% | 25% | 50% | 75% | 90% | 95% | Units | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | ----- | | [Max X Factor](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/max-x-factor) | 9 | 13 | 18 | 25 | 31 | 36 | 40 | deg | | [Hip Raise Angle](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/hip-raise-angle) | 42 | 57 | 89 | 110 | 125 | 134 | 139 | deg | | [Arm Slot Angle](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/arm-slot-angle) | 21 | 29 | 39 | 51 | 63 | 75 | 85 | deg | | [Max Layback Angle](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/max-layback-angle) | 0 | 0 | 116 | 132 | 157 | 189 | 202 | deg | | [Trunk Angle to Plate (Coil)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-angle-to-plate-coil) | 90 | 102 | 112 | 123 | 132 | 140 | 145 | deg | | [Trunk Angle to Plate (Foot Contact)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-angle-to-plate-foot-contact) | 40 | 53 | 71 | 88 | 105 | 116 | 126 | deg | | [Trunk Angle to Plate (Release)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-angle-to-plate-release) | -28 | -23 | -17 | -11 | -5 | 2 | 6 | deg | | [Pelvis Angle to Plate (Coil)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/pelvis-angle-to-plate-coil) | 89 | 100 | 109 | 118 | 128 | 137 | 143 | deg | | [Pelvis Angle to Plate (Foot Contact)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/pelvis-angle-to-plate-foot-contact) | 38 | 49 | 61 | 72 | 86 | 97 | 105 | deg | | [Pelvis Angle to Plate (Release)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/pelvis-angle-to-plate-release) | -7 | 0 | 11 | 18 | 25 | 34 | 38 | deg | | [Trunk Lateral Tilt (Foot Contact)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-lateral-tilt-at-foot-contact) | -11 | -10 | -7 | -3 | 3 | 9 | 13 | deg | | [Trunk Lateral Tilt at Release](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-lateral-tilt-at-ball-release) | -1 | 4 | 9 | 15 | 21 | 26 | 28 | deg | | [Trunk Forward Tilt (Release)](/biomechanics/activities/baseball/pitching/metrics/trunk-forward-tilt-at-ball-release) | 10 | 14 | 20 | 27 | 32 | 37 | 41 | deg |