Baseball Hitting: Normative Ranges

This page collects the complete normative reference tables for baseball hitting — the same underlying data shown as 10th/25th/50th/75th/90th percentile summaries on individual metric pages, extended here to the full 5th–95th percentile range for each competition level. See Normative Ranges for how to interpret these tables. Each competition-level dataset was built by pooling all valid hitting sessions per athlete, selecting the single session closest to that athlete’s overall average across all metrics, then re-analyzing with the latest biomechanical analysis software and removing sessions that failed Uplift’s quality assurance tests. Distance metrics are shown in inches to match the display units used on individual metric pages.

Youth Sample

Reference dataset built from 239 unique youth athletes performing a hit in 2025.

Kinematic Sequence – Peak Segment Angular Velocities & Speedup Factors

Prefer higher velocities and speedup factors for better performance.

Variable	5%	10%	25%	50%	75%	90%	95%	Units
Peak Pelvis Angular Velocity	389	408	448	480	517	541	562	deg/s
Peak Trunk Angular Velocity	535	559	601	656	697	768	794	deg/s
Peak Arm Angular Velocity	547	608	662	728	797	879	956	deg/s
Trunk to Arm Speed Up	0.90	0.94	1.03	1.12	1.20	1.32	1.40	ratio
Pelvis to Trunk Speed Up	1.15	1.19	1.27	1.35	1.45	1.57	1.64	ratio

Times

Deviations from center indicate atypical positioning, not necessarily poor performance.

Variable	5%	10%	25%	50%	75%	90%	95%	Units
Time to Ball Contact	0.00	0.59	0.76	0.85	1.02	1.15	1.22	s
Time to Launch	0.00	0.00	0.13	0.23	0.41	0.57	0.70	s
Pelvis Acceleration Time	0.20	0.27	0.38	0.49	0.65	1.47	2.35	s
Pelvis Deceleration Time	0.15	0.17	0.21	0.57	0.72	1.10	1.24	s

Distance

Deviations from center indicate atypical positioning, not necessarily poor performance.

Variable	5%	10%	25%	50%	75%	90%	95%	Units
Stride Length	10.7	11.7	12.9	15.1	16.7	20.7	26.7	in
Linear Stretch	7.7	9.1	10.3	12.4	14.7	17.4	19.5	in
Drifting Forward Magnitude	0.3	1.3	2.6	4.1	5.5	7.2	8.3	in
Rear Arm Connection	5.6	6.3	7.2	8.4	9.6	11.6	14.4	in
Relative Hand Position - Towards Pitcher	-7.8	-7.5	-6.4	-5.2	-3.4	-2.5	0.3	in
Relative Hand Position - Up	-0.7	0.6	1.7	2.6	3.7	4.6	6.2	in
Relative Hand Position - Away from Body	0.2	1.2	2.4	3.6	4.7	5.5	7.7	in

Angles

Deviations from center indicate atypical positioning, not necessarily poor performance.

Variable	5%	10%	25%	50%	75%	90%	95%	Units
Max X Factor	0	14	25	30	38	43	47	deg
Hip Hinge	38	42	48	54	60	68	72	deg
Trunk Coil	0	18	28	35	45	53	57	deg
Trunk Tilt at Launch	1	3	5	9	14	16	19	deg
Scap Load at Launch	-21	-16	-4	6	18	28	36	deg
Elbow Flexion at Launch	65	99	110	118	124	128	129	deg
Elbow Flexion at Ball Contact	58	62	70	81	90	101	107	deg
Lead Knee Angle at Ball Contact	15	18	22	27	34	39	45	deg
Shoulder Rotation Plane Flexion	20	22	26	31	35	39	42	deg
Shoulder Rotation Plane Tilt	-18	-12	-5	2	11	16	21	deg

High School Sample

Reference dataset built from 202 unique high school athletes performing a hit in 2025.

Kinematic Sequence – Peak Segment Angular Velocities & Speedup Factors

Prefer higher velocities and speedup factors for better performance.

Variable	5%	10%	25%	50%	75%	90%	95%	Units
Peak Pelvis Angular Velocity	362	412	461	494	526	566	623	deg/s
Peak Trunk Angular Velocity	568	587	624	666	738	796	922	deg/s
Peak Arm Angular Velocity	574	608	675	740	911	1097	1348	deg/s
Trunk to Arm Speed Up	0.90	0.96	1.03	1.12	1.34	1.49	1.65	ratio
Pelvis to Trunk Speed Up	1.15	1.20	1.29	1.39	1.49	1.63	1.74	ratio

Times

Deviations from center indicate atypical positioning, not necessarily poor performance.

Variable	5%	10%	25%	50%	75%	90%	95%	Units
Time to Ball Contact	0.00	0.53	0.78	0.89	1.00	1.14	1.21	s
Time to Launch	0.00	0.00	0.17	0.29	0.48	0.65	0.72	s
Pelvis Acceleration Time	0.18	0.20	0.31	0.45	0.61	1.52	2.26	s
Pelvis Deceleration Time	0.15	0.16	0.41	0.49	0.74	1.10	1.16	s

Distance

Deviations from center indicate atypical positioning, not necessarily poor performance.

Variable	5%	10%	25%	50%	75%	90%	95%	Units
Stride Length	12.9	13.9	15.3	17.1	20.6	29.9	33.6	in
Linear Stretch	7.2	10.4	12.0	13.7	16.3	26.3	29.1	in
Drifting Forward Magnitude	0.4	2.0	3.5	4.8	6.6	8.3	11.7	in
Rear Arm Connection	7.0	7.6	8.9	9.9	11.7	15.0	18.4	in
Relative Hand Position - Towards Pitcher	-10.3	-8.7	-7.2	-5.9	-4.2	-2.8	-0.0	in
Relative Hand Position - Up	-0.6	0.2	1.7	2.8	4.1	5.9	7.0	in
Relative Hand Position - Away from Body	0.9	2.0	3.0	4.5	5.6	6.6	7.7	in

Angles

Deviations from center indicate atypical positioning, not necessarily poor performance.

Variable	5%	10%	25%	50%	75%	90%	95%	Units
Max X Factor	0	9	22	30	35	42	47	deg
Hip Hinge	36	46	50	55	63	70	74	deg
Trunk Coil	3	17	24	33	42	49	53	deg
Trunk Tilt at Launch	-3	1	5	10	14	18	20	deg
Scap Load at Launch	-30	-18	-6	10	23	33	38	deg
Elbow Flexion at Launch	64	100	114	122	126	131	135	deg
Elbow Flexion at Ball Contact	33	50	69	81	93	108	114	deg
Lead Knee Angle at Ball Contact	6	15	19	24	29	32	43	deg
Shoulder Rotation Plane Flexion	22	25	29	34	38	45	48	deg
Shoulder Rotation Plane Tilt	-16	-13	-8	0	6	15	19	deg

College Sample

Reference dataset built from 156 unique collegiate athletes performing a hit in 2025.

Kinematic Sequence – Peak Segment Angular Velocities & Speedup Factors

Prefer higher velocities and speedup factors for better performance.

Variable	5%	10%	25%	50%	75%	90%	95%	Units
Peak Pelvis Angular Velocity	379	416	471	509	527	552	572	deg/s
Peak Trunk Angular Velocity	523	532	593	631	680	738	768	deg/s
Peak Arm Angular Velocity	532	559	647	743	915	1139	1454	deg/s
Trunk to Arm Speed Up	0.86	0.91	1.00	1.19	1.39	1.76	2.15	ratio
Pelvis to Trunk Speed Up	1.04	1.14	1.19	1.29	1.36	1.50	1.65	ratio

Times

Deviations from center indicate atypical positioning, not necessarily poor performance.

Variable	5%	10%	25%	50%	75%	90%	95%	Units
Time to Ball Contact	0.17	0.60	0.71	0.92	1.03	1.13	1.15	s
Time to Launch	0.00	0.00	0.18	0.35	0.58	0.77	0.81	s
Pelvis Acceleration Time	0.14	0.17	0.18	0.37	0.60	0.87	1.54	s
Pelvis Deceleration Time	0.14	0.15	0.34	0.48	0.65	0.83	1.08	s

Distance

Deviations from center indicate atypical positioning, not necessarily poor performance.

Variable	5%	10%	25%	50%	75%	90%	95%	Units
Stride Length	18.3	21.1	23.5	28.3	33.4	37.3	39.4	in
Linear Stretch	12.9	13.8	17.6	21.7	26.3	31.0	32.0	in
Drifting Forward Magnitude	2.6	3.6	5.6	7.7	10.9	15.1	15.7	in
Rear Arm Connection	9.0	10.2	12.2	14.3	17.1	18.9	19.1	in
Relative Hand Position - Towards Pitcher	-12.2	-11.4	-10.2	-7.6	-5.0	-2.8	-1.4	in
Relative Hand Position - Up	-0.2	0.3	2.4	4.5	5.8	7.4	7.9	in
Relative Hand Position - Away from Body	3.1	3.3	4.9	6.3	8.1	9.4	10.0	in

Angles

Deviations from center indicate atypical positioning, not necessarily poor performance.

Variable	5%	10%	25%	50%	75%	90%	95%	Units
Max X Factor	3	14	19	25	29	35	39	deg
Hip Hinge	45	49	54	60	69	73	74	deg
Trunk Coil	4	17	25	31	39	45	46	deg
Trunk Tilt at Launch	2	3	7	10	14	16	18	deg
Scap Load at Launch	-32	-28	-8	4	16	33	45	deg
Elbow Flexion at Launch	101	114	120	126	132	135	137	deg
Elbow Flexion at Ball Contact	23	35	48	70	86	104	108	deg
Lead Knee Angle at Ball Contact	6	7	10	16	23	32	41	deg
Shoulder Rotation Plane Flexion	28	31	34	38	41	44	46	deg
Shoulder Rotation Plane Tilt	-11	-7	2	7	14	21	23	deg

Professional Sample

Reference dataset built from 293 unique professional athletes performing a hit in 2025.

Kinematic Sequence – Peak Segment Angular Velocities & Speedup Factors

Prefer higher velocities and speedup factors for better performance.

Variable	5%	10%	25%	50%	75%	90%	95%	Units
Peak Pelvis Angular Velocity	331	384	438	481	524	565	627	deg/s
Peak Trunk Angular Velocity	441	475	524	580	636	700	801	deg/s
Peak Arm Angular Velocity	552	592	680	822	957	1160	1371	deg/s
Trunk to Arm Speed Up	0.96	1.02	1.20	1.40	1.60	1.92	2.11	ratio
Pelvis to Trunk Speed Up	0.99	1.05	1.12	1.19	1.35	1.48	1.62	ratio

Times

Deviations from center indicate atypical positioning, not necessarily poor performance.

Variable	5%	10%	25%	50%	75%	90%	95%	Units
Time to Ball Contact	0.39	0.59	0.74	0.91	1.04	1.26	1.28	s
Time to Launch	0.00	0.10	0.18	0.45	0.67	0.79	0.96	s
Pelvis Acceleration Time	0.14	0.15	0.18	0.23	0.54	0.75	0.82	s
Pelvis Deceleration Time	0.09	0.14	0.35	0.46	0.57	0.80	1.17	s

Distance

Deviations from center indicate atypical positioning, not necessarily poor performance.

Variable	5%	10%	25%	50%	75%	90%	95%	Units
Stride Length	25.7	27.8	31.5	35.1	38.6	40.7	42.4	in
Linear Stretch	14.0	19.3	23.0	27.0	29.6	33.4	35.3	in
Drifting Forward Magnitude	4.5	5.6	7.1	8.5	12.5	15.5	16.9	in
Rear Arm Connection	12.6	13.0	14.7	16.3	18.5	20.6	21.4	in
Relative Hand Position - Towards Pitcher	-14.3	-13.3	-11.6	-9.0	-6.3	-2.8	0.0	in
Relative Hand Position - Up	-1.5	0.8	4.0	6.2	8.2	9.5	10.3	in
Relative Hand Position - Away from Body	1.5	3.4	5.8	7.8	9.0	11.0	11.7	in

Angles

Deviations from center indicate atypical positioning, not necessarily poor performance.

Variable	5%	10%	25%	50%	75%	90%	95%	Units
Max X Factor	4	8	12	16	23	29	30	deg
Hip Hinge	40	47	54	60	66	70	76	deg
Trunk Coil	6	12	22	27	35	39	41	deg
Trunk Tilt at Launch	-2	-1	4	9	12	14	15	deg
Scap Load at Launch	-38	-31	-16	0	17	29	41	deg
Elbow Flexion at Launch	106	113	120	125	132	135	137	deg
Elbow Flexion at Ball Contact	25	31	42	60	74	97	104	deg
Lead Knee Angle at Ball Contact	5	6	8	11	17	21	24	deg
Shoulder Rotation Plane Flexion	29	30	34	38	41	44	48	deg
Shoulder Rotation Plane Tilt	-7	-2	2	8	15	21	24	deg

Broad Sample (All Levels)

Reference dataset built from 890 unique athletes performing a hit in 2025, pooled across all competition levels.

Kinematic Sequence – Peak Segment Angular Velocities & Speedup Factors

Prefer higher velocities and speedup factors for better performance.

Variable	5%	10%	25%	50%	75%	90%	95%	Units
Peak Pelvis Angular Velocity	367	402	452	490	525	553	598	deg/s
Peak Trunk Angular Velocity	490	527	582	637	694	769	817	deg/s
Peak Arm Angular Velocity	544	591	663	749	876	1060	1335	deg/s
Trunk to Arm Speed Up	0.90	0.95	1.06	1.17	1.39	1.65	1.89	ratio
Pelvis to Trunk Speed Up	1.06	1.12	1.20	1.32	1.44	1.57	1.68	ratio

Times

Deviations from center indicate atypical positioning, not necessarily poor performance.

Variable	5%	10%	25%	50%	75%	90%	95%	Units
Time to Ball Contact	0.00	0.58	0.75	0.89	1.02	1.16	1.25	s
Time to Launch	0.00	0.00	0.16	0.29	0.51	0.72	0.80	s
Pelvis Acceleration Time	0.15	0.17	0.22	0.42	0.62	0.89	1.88	s
Pelvis Deceleration Time	0.14	0.16	0.35	0.50	0.68	1.00	1.18	s

Distance

Deviations from center indicate atypical positioning, not necessarily poor performance.

Variable	5%	10%	25%	50%	75%	90%	95%	Units
Stride Length	12.3	13.0	15.5	21.7	32.7	37.4	39.7	in
Linear Stretch	9.0	10.0	12.4	16.3	25.4	29.6	32.7	in
Drifting Forward Magnitude	1.2	2.1	3.8	5.9	8.4	12.8	15.1	in
Rear Arm Connection	6.7	7.2	8.9	11.7	15.7	18.7	19.3	in
Relative Hand Position - Towards Pitcher	-12.3	-11.2	-8.7	-6.3	-4.2	-2.6	0.0	in
Relative Hand Position - Up	-0.8	0.4	1.9	3.5	5.6	7.8	9.1	in
Relative Hand Position - Away from Body	1.0	1.9	3.3	4.9	7.1	9.1	10.3	in

Angles

Deviations from center indicate atypical positioning, not necessarily poor performance.

Variable	5%	10%	25%	50%	75%	90%	95%	Units
Max X Factor	0	9	17	26	33	40	45	deg
Hip Hinge	38	44	51	57	64	71	74	deg
Trunk Coil	2	16	24	31	41	48	53	deg
Trunk Tilt at Launch	-1	1	5	9	13	16	19	deg
Scap Load at Launch	-32	-25	-8	5	19	31	40	deg
Elbow Flexion at Launch	75	103	115	122	128	134	135	deg
Elbow Flexion at Ball Contact	30	37	60	75	90	101	110	deg
Lead Knee Angle at Ball Contact	6	8	13	21	28	35	41	deg
Shoulder Rotation Plane Flexion	22	26	30	34	39	43	48	deg
Shoulder Rotation Plane Tilt	-14	-11	-2	4	13	19	22	deg

Get Started

Resources

Biomechanics

Baseball Hitting: Normative Ranges

Youth Sample

Kinematic Sequence – Peak Segment Angular Velocities & Speedup Factors

Times

Distance

Angles

High School Sample

Kinematic Sequence – Peak Segment Angular Velocities & Speedup Factors

Times

Distance

Angles

College Sample

Kinematic Sequence – Peak Segment Angular Velocities & Speedup Factors

Times

Distance

Angles

Professional Sample

Kinematic Sequence – Peak Segment Angular Velocities & Speedup Factors

Times

Distance

Angles

Broad Sample (All Levels)

Kinematic Sequence – Peak Segment Angular Velocities & Speedup Factors

Times

Distance

Angles

​Youth Sample

​Kinematic Sequence – Peak Segment Angular Velocities & Speedup Factors

​Times

​Distance

​Angles

​High School Sample

​Kinematic Sequence – Peak Segment Angular Velocities & Speedup Factors

​Times

​Distance

​Angles

​College Sample

​Kinematic Sequence – Peak Segment Angular Velocities & Speedup Factors

​Times

​Distance

​Angles

​Professional Sample

​Kinematic Sequence – Peak Segment Angular Velocities & Speedup Factors

​Times

​Distance

​Angles

​Broad Sample (All Levels)

​Kinematic Sequence – Peak Segment Angular Velocities & Speedup Factors

​Times

​Distance

​Angles

Youth Sample

Kinematic Sequence – Peak Segment Angular Velocities & Speedup Factors

Times

Distance

Angles

High School Sample

Kinematic Sequence – Peak Segment Angular Velocities & Speedup Factors

Times

Distance

Angles

College Sample

Kinematic Sequence – Peak Segment Angular Velocities & Speedup Factors

Times

Distance

Angles

Professional Sample

Kinematic Sequence – Peak Segment Angular Velocities & Speedup Factors

Times

Distance

Angles

Broad Sample (All Levels)

Kinematic Sequence – Peak Segment Angular Velocities & Speedup Factors

Times

Distance

Angles